PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS JOHN G. CRAMER BACKS UP JOHN'S TECHNOLOGY?

The following article was written by John G. Cramer, a physics professor at the University of Washington. The article is a combination of ideas and Q&A about the creation and manipulation of mini black holes in the laboratory. I've also included a few of the relevant statements John made about the very same subjects back in 2000 - 2001, nearly two years before the article was written. Could this be why John posted online? Was he trying to help us develop time travel or the use of mini black holes as an energy source?

For more information on John G. Cramer, click here.

The CERN LHC: A Black Hole Factory?
By John G. Cramer

The Large Hadronic Collider (LHC), which is to be the world's highest energy particle accelerator, is currently being constructed at the CERN laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. The machine was designed to be high enough in energy to produce a completely new type of particle, the Higgs boson, which is considered to be the missing puzzle-piece in the Standard Model of particle interactions. According to current theoretical thinking, it is the Higgs particle that gives mass to all the other particles, quarks, leptons, etc., in the current bestiary of fundamental particles. However, there are new theoretical predictions that when the new accelerator goes into operation, the LHC's proton-proton collisions may also make something even more exotic: black holes.

JOHN - FEB 2, 2001: Soon, CERN will bring their big machine on line and they will be smashing very fast and high-energy particles together. One of the more odd and potentially dangerous items produced from this increase in energy will be microsingularities a fraction of the size of an electron.

Q: Are there ideas beyond the Standard Model that would allow production of a minimum-size black hole by an accelerator?

A: Yes. New ideas suggest that gravity becomes stronger at small distances because of the effects of extra dimensions used only by gravity. In this scenario, as the effective value of G grows larger, the Planck mass drops, and the energy required to produce black holes can drop to 1 TeV, well within range of the LHC but probably out of reach for the Tevatron. Thus, the LHC may turn out to be a "black hole factory", an accelerator that makes large quantities of minimum-size black holes.

JOHN - DEC 30, 2000: I have never claimed to be a physicist or an expert on what the CERN laboratory is doing at any given moment so I feel it is pointless to argue about what they may be doing in the future or what "breakthroughs" they will or might have. My comments about the CERN lab are in reference to particle accelerators in general and other questions that have come up in the past. The major physics break through for controlled gravity distortion does happen at CERN in your future.

Q: If such mini black holes were produced, what would be seen by the LHC detectors?

A: First, if no black holes were produced, an LHC collision would make a relatively small number of high energy particles that form into back-to-back "jets" or groups of high energy particles going in the same direction. On the other hand, if a black hole was made, the particle count would increase dramatically but the energy of each particle would be much smaller. Instead of making perhaps 100 particles with kinetic energies around 100 GeV or more, a collision event that made a black hole would make thousands of lower energy particles, including many electrons, positrons, and photons with energies around 10 GeV or less. Such a dramatic in the character of an LHC proton-proton collision should be very obvious in the collision data, and should provide a "smoking gun" signal of the production of black holes.

JOHN - NOV 25, 2000: The energy stored in the singularity is used to create the distortion fields. That energy is created in a particle accelerator.

JOHN - MAR 13, 2001: However, and as I'm sure you are aware, Stephen Hawking admits that his own equations support the "possibility" that microsingularities may not totally disappear as they evaporate in a sea of virtual particles and in fact may leave behind a very stable naked singularity. I'm sure you can look that up. I suppose the difficult part is believing that we've taken advantage of it, not that it's impossible.

Q: Could such collision-produced mini black holes be "nurtured", prevented from decaying, and made larger?

A: Perhaps, but it's not obvious how that could be done. The black hole evaporation could only be suppressed by surrounding it with a medium that was even hotter than it was, so that it absorbed more radiation than it emitted. No such medium could be sustained. Even the interior of the Sun would be a billion times too cool to do the job. However, if you could immerse the black hole in such a medium, it would grow in mass and radius and cool in temperature as it absorbed mass-energy from the medium. Eventually, it might be cooled enough that it could be removed from the hot environment and become relatively stable.

JOHN - NOV 6, 2000: The mass and gravitational field of a microsingularity can then be manipulated by "injecting" electrons onto its surface. By rotating two electric microsigularities at high speed, it is possible to create and modify a local gravity sinusoid that replicates the effects of a Kerr black hole.

Q: Would a stable black hole have any uses?

A: Indeed it would. It would be an excellent mass-detector and a wonderful energy source. It could be fed mass, and some fraction of the mass-energy (E=mc2) could be recovered and used. However, as a number of SF writers have pointed out, a "tame" black hole would also represent a certain hazard, since if it were accidentally dropped, if would probably fall to the center of the Earth and devour the planet from the inside.

JOHN - NOV 7, 2000: There is thought that a singularity generator could also be used but most people are against it.

JOHN - JAN 1, 2001: The source of power for the C204 that allows it to distort and manipulate gravity comes from two microsingularities that were created, captured and cleaned at a much larger and "circular" facility. The dual event horizons of each one and their mass is manipulated by injecting electrons onto the surface of their respective ergospheres. The electricity comes from batteries. The breakthrough that will allow for this technology will occur within a year or so when CERN brings their larger facility online.

JOHN - JAN 29, 2001: I realize my claims are a bit ridiculous but my intent is not really to be believed. However, if I had an opportunity to talk to a time traveler, I might ask questions like: How exactly does the singularity sensor measure the expansion of the inner event horizon or why does the reality of multiple worlds support the religious dogma that there are no good or bad people just good and bad decisions or what were the political motivations that changed the U.S. Constitution?

Are there any problems with this theoretical scenario? I'm afraid so. The problems revolve around issues of time-reversal invariance and the arrow-of-time problem. In the everyday world we have no difficulty in distinguishing one direction of time from the other. A movie showing a dropped egg hitting the floor or a car crash looks very strange and unphysical if the film is run backwards. But on the macroscopic scale, there is supposed to be no time preference. A movie of the interaction of fundamental particles is expected to represent expected behavior, even if the movie is running backwards. This is called "time-reversal invariance" and it is an important symmetry principle of the microscopic world.

But a mini black hole would strongly violate this symmetry. A movie of a super-hot black hole emitting particles has a distinct time direction and would look strange and unexpected if the movie were run backwards. This means that particle collisions at the LHC should show dramatic violations of time reversal invariance. Moreover, since right-vs.-left handedness and matter-vs.-antimatter asymmetries cannot be expected to compensate, the more fundamental TPC symmetry principle (time-reversal plus matter-antimatter interchange plus reversal of spatial directions) will also be violated. Even at lower collision energies at accelerators like the FermiLab Tevatron, where there may not be enough collision energy to produce free black holes, sub-threshold virtual process involving black holes might be expected to produce time reversal and TCP symmetry violations, (but we note that none have been observed).

Is there any way around this problem that would permit mini black hole production at the LHC? The physics literature is silent on this issue because the time-reversal invariance aspects of black hole production in particle collisions have not yet been analyzed or discussed in detail. However, the time-reversal problem of the above scenario could be cured if the LHC produced black holes and white holes in pairs, with most of the particles emerging from the white hole feeding into the black hole. I'm not sure how such a system would evolve, but as in the black hole scenario above, it would probably evaporate into lighter particles and be observed primarily as a change in the character of the spectrum of particles emerging from an LHC collision.

JOHN - JAN 15, 2001: Actually, there are 2 singularities in the unit. The gravity field is manipulated by three factors that affect it in distinct ways. Adding electric charge to the singularities increases the diameter of the inner event horizons. Adding mass to the singularities increases the area of gravitational influence around the singularities. Rotating and positioning the polar axis of the singularities affects and alters the gravity sinusoid. The effects of the gravity produced by the unit do not have enough time to significantly alter physical objects within a reasonable distance from the outside of the sinusoid. No, things do not get smaller.

JOHN - FEB 14, 2001: By using two microsingularities in close proximity to each other, it is possible to create, manipulate and alter the Kerr fields to create a Tipler gravity sinusoid. This field can be adjusted, rotated and moved in order to simulate the movement of mass through a donut-shaped singularity and into an alternate worldline. Thus, safe time travel.

The test of these ideas will come in a few years.. When the LHC goes into operation, we may discover the Higgs boson or we may find that indeed gravity becomes a strong force. Or we may discover other things that on one has even predicted.

CERN BEGINS INSTALLATION ON LARGEST COLLIDER

Brown researcher thinks the particles are disappearing into the fireball's core and reappearing as thermal radiation, just as matter is thought to fall into a black hole and come out as "Hawking" radiation. However, even if the ball of plasma is a black hole, it is not thought to pose a threat. At these energies and distances, gravity is not the dominant force in a black hole.

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